Although there are some territories in Europe that are not recognized as independent nations, there are 44 independent countries across the North, Eastern, Western and Southern parts of Europe.
Below are the names of all countries in Europe and their capital cities.
Northern Europe
Denmark: Copenhagen
Estonia: Tallinn
Finland: Helsinki
Iceland: Reykjavik
Ireland: Dublin
Latvia: Riga
Lithuania: Vilnius
Norway: Oslo
Sweden: Stockholm
United Kingdom: London
Western Europe
Austria: Vienna
Belgium: Brussels
France: Paris
Germany: Berlin
Liechtenstein: Vaduz
Luxembourg: Luxembourg
Monaco: Monaco
Netherlands: Amsterdam
Switzerland: Bern
Southern Europe
Albania: Tirana
Andorra: Andorra la Vella
Bosnia and Herzegovina: Sarajevo
Croatia: Zagreb
Cyprus: Nicosia
Greece: Athens
Italy: Rome
Kosovo: Pristina
Malta: Valletta
Montenegro: Podgorica
Portugal: Lisbon
San Marino: San Marino
Serbia: Belgrade
Slovenia: Ljubljana
Spain: Madrid
Vatican City: Vatican City
Eastern Europe
Belarus: Minsk
Bulgaria: Sofia
Czech Republic: Prague
Hungary: Budapest
Moldova: Chisinau
Poland: Warsaw
Romania: Bucharest
Russia: Moscow
Slovakia: Bratislava
Ukraine: Kyiv