African countries became competitive for colonial masters because of its soil rich in agricultural values, mineral resources and productive manpower. 

Many African countries therefore suffered heavily in the hands of the colonial masters for lack of advancement in technological power and sociological development, flaws that were exposed by the lack of diplomacy, military strength and  internal unity among residents of the colonized countries.

In Africa, there were seven colonies, with oppressors from United Kingdom, Portugal, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and Belgium.

Anyways, below are the African countries and their former colonizers, breaking the list down into colonies of the colonizers and the countries they colonized in Africa.

British Colonies

1. The Gambia: colonized by the United Kingdom

2. Sierra Leone: colonized by the United Kingdom

3. Ghana: colonized by the United Kingdom

4. Nigeria: colonized by the United Kingdom

5. Lesotho: colonized by the United Kingdom

6. Swaziland (Eswatini): colonized by the United Kingdom

7. South Africa: colonized by the United Kingdom

8. Botswana: colonized by the United Kingdom

9. Zambia: colonized by the United Kingdom

10. Zimbabwe: colonized by the United Kingdom

11. Malawi: colonized by the United Kingdom

12. Kenya: colonized by the United Kingdom

13. Uganda: colonized by the United Kingdom

14. Somalia (northern portion): colonized by the United Kingdom

15. Sudan: colonized by the United Kingdom

16. Egypt: colonized by the United Kingdom

17. Seychelles: colonized by the United Kingdom

18. Mauritius: colonized by the United Kingdom

French Colonies

1. Algeria: colonized by France

2. Morocco: colonized by France and Spain

3. Tunisia: colonized by France

4. Mauritania: colonized by France

5. Senegal: colonized by France

6. Guinea: colonized by France

7. Mali: colonized by France

8. Côte d'Ivoire: colonized by France

9. Burkina Faso: colonized by France

10. Togo: colonized by France and Germany (initially)

11. Benin: colonized by France

12. Niger: colonized by France

13. Chad: colonized by France

14. Central African Republic: colonized by France

15. Gabon: colonized by France

16. Republic of the Congo: colonized by France

17. Madagascar: colonized by France

18. Djibouti: colonized by France

19. Comoros: colonized by France

German Colonies

1. Tanzania: colonized by Germany

2. Namibia: colonized by Germany

3. Cameroon: colonized by Germany (later mandated to Britain and France)

4. Rwanda: colonized by Germany (later mandated to Belgium)

5. Burundi: colonized by Germany (later mandated to Belgium)

6. Togo: initially colonized by Germany (later mandated to Britain and France)

Portuguese Colonies

1. Angola: colonized by Portugal

2. Mozambique: colonized by Portugal

3. Guinea-Bissau: colonized by Portugal

4. São Tomé and Principe: colonized by Portugal

5. Cape Verde: colonized by Portugal

Belgian Colonies

1. Democratic Republic of the Congo: colonized by Belgium (as the Congo Free State, a private colony of King Leopold II)

Italian Colonies

1. Libya: colonized by Italy

2. Eritrea: colonized by Italy

3. Somalia: partially colonized by Italy

Spanish Colonies

1. Equatorial Guinea: colonized by Spain

2. Western Sahara (disputed part of Morocco): disputed territory claimed by Morocco

Take note that Ethiopia was never formally colonized by any European power, although it was briefly occupied before the country fought back to maintain their long-term independence.

Italy occupied Ethiopia from 1936 to 1941, after the Second Italo-Abyssinian War. During the war, Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie I was forced into exile. The occupation ended in 1941, when British and Ethiopian forces defeated the Italian army.

Prior to Italian occupation, Ethiopia maintained its independence throughout the Scramble for Africa in the late 19th century.

Remarkably, Menelik II, the king of Shewa, became emperor in 1889 and successfully resisted Italian attempts to colonize the country, notably at the Battle of Adwa in 1896.