The office of the President of the United States has been held by a diverse group of individuals since the nation's founding. From the revolutionary leaders who established the country to the modern-day politicians shaping its future, each president has left a unique mark on American history. The following is a comprehensive list of all the former U.S. presidents and their years of reign.

The Early Republic (1789-1829)

The first era of American presidents was dominated by the Founding Fathers and those who followed in their footsteps, grappling with the creation of a new nation.

1. George Washington (1789-1797)

 2. John Adams (1797-1801)

3. Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809)

4. James Madison (1809-1817)

5. James Monroe (1817-1825)

6. John Quincy Adams (1825-1829)

The Era of Jacksonian Democracy and Expansion (1829-1861)

This period saw the rise of a new kind of political leader and the country's territorial expansion, leading to major conflicts over states' rights and slavery.

 7.  Andrew Jackson (1829-1837)

8. Martin Van Buren (1837-1841)

9. William Henry Harrison (1841)

10. John Tyler (1841-1845)

11. James K. Polk (1845-1849)

12. Zachary Taylor (1849-1850)

13. Millard Fillmore (1850-1853)

14. Franklin Pierce (1853-1857)

15. James Buchanan (1857-1861)

The Civil War and Reconstruction (1861-1877)

The nation was torn apart by civil war, and the subsequent period of Reconstruction sought to rebuild the country and define the rights of newly freed African Americans.

16. Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865)

17. Andrew Johnson (1865-1869)

18. Ulysses S. Grant (1869-1877)

The Gilded Age and Progressive Era (1877-1921)

Industrialization, immigration, and political corruption marked this time, leading to a reform movement aimed at addressing social and economic problems.

19. Rutherford B. Hayes (1877-1881)

20. James A. Garfield (1881)

21. Chester A. Arthur (1881-1885)

22. Grover Cleveland (1885-1889)

23. Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893)

24. Grover Cleveland (1893-1897) [Cleveland served two non-consecutive terms]

25. William McKinley (1897-1901)

26. Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909)

27. William Howard Taft (1909-1913)

28. Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921)

The Roaring Twenties, Great Depression, and World War II (1921-1945)

A period of economic boom and bust, culminating in a global war that would reshape the world.

 29. Warren G. Harding (1921-1923)

30. Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929)

31. Herbert Hoover (1929-1933)

32. Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945)

The Cold War and Civil Rights Movement (1945-1981)

The U.S. became a global superpower, engaging in a long-standing ideological conflict with the Soviet Union while also confronting domestic issues of racial inequality.

 33. Harry S. Truman (1945-1953)

34. Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961)

35. John F. Kennedy (1961-1963)

36. Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1969)

37. Richard M. Nixon (1969-1974)

38. Gerald Ford (1974-1977)

39. Jimmy Carter (1977-1981)

The Modern Era (1981-Present)

The post-Cold War world and the rise of a new global order have presented a different set of challenges for the country's leaders.

 40. Ronald Reagan (1981-1989)

41. George H.W. Bush (1989-1993)

42. Bill Clinton (1993-2001)

43. George W. Bush (2001-2009)

44. Barack Obama (2009-2017)

45. Donald Trump (2017-2021)

46. Joe Biden (2021-2025)

47. Donald Trump (2025-Present)